The Wenceslas Square, originally called the Horse Market, used to be the largest market square in the New Town. The square received its present name in 1848.
The main dominant of the square is the National Museum at the top end. A little lower down is a statue of St Wenceslas. It is the work of Josef Václav Myslbek and was built in 1912-1913. The statue represents St Wenceslas on a horse surrounded by statues of Czech patron saints – Ludmila and Prokop at the front, Anežka and Vojtěch at the back. An older statue of St Wenceslas, designed by J.J.Bendl in 1680, used to stand in the middle of the square. It was moved to ¨; in 1879.
A wooden theatre called Bouda, which was the first permanent Czech theatre, was built in the lower part of the square in 1786. Plays were performed here until 1789.
An underground pedestrian passage way was built beneath the main junction in 1968. During the busiest times of the day 30 000 people use it every hour. The Wenceslas Square is 750 metres long and 60 metres wide.
The square plays an important role in the history of Prague. In 1918 demonstrations supporting the foundation of an independent state took place here. In 1969 Jan Palach, a young student of the Philosophy Faculty of the Charles University, burnt himself beneath the statue of St Wenceslas in protest against the Soviet army’s invasion of Czechoslovakia.